1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và 3 cấu trúc quá khứ đơn tương ứng
Form: (1) S + have/has + not + VpIII/ed + for + time
(2) It is + time + since + S + (last) + V-ed
(3) S + last + V-ed + time + ago
(4) The last time + S + V-ed + was + time + ago
Ex: Content (Ngữ cảnh): I met one of my friend, Nhi, 2 years ago, but after that I haven’t met she until now.
(1) I haven’t seen Nhi for 2 years
(2) It is 2 years since I (last) saw Nhi
(3) I last saw Nhi 2 years ago (Cách dùng tự nhiên)
(4) The last time I saw Nhi was 2 years ago.
2. Cấu trúc for và ago
Form: S + started/began + doing sth + time + ago
S + have/has + VpIII/ed + for + time
Ex: I started learning English 4 years ago.
=> I have learnt English for 4 years.
3. Cấu trúc câu hỏi khi nào (When) và bao lâu (How long)
Form: When did + S + V?
= How long + have/has + S + VpII?
Ex:
How long have you learnt English?
When did you start learning English?
4. Cấu trúc The first time và never… before
Form: This is the first time + S + have/has + VpIII/ed
= S + have/has + never + VpIII/ed + before.
Ex: This is the first time I have been to Japan.
= I have never been to Japan before.
(Source: By An Trần Collection)